Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Environmental Law - Essay Example The economies of the world hang on legislation passed global environmental law making bodies like the United Nations (IPCC Secretariat).    Fossil fuel is what drives the global economy, everything from your car to get to work, to the transnational shipping chain around the world. Business revolves around fuel and our nations revolve around that very business to build strong financial systems. How does fossil fuel cause climate change? Well, the answer lays around particular greenhouse gases that are released into the atmosphere. Like a greenhouse these gases allow heat from the sun to pass through the ozone layer and trap infra red radiation inside the layer, causing the earth to heat up if the right conditions are met for such a thing to happen (Goldberg D. 1993, 244-51).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Climate Change happens naturally. Some factors that contribute to the earths climate change in the past deal with volcanic activity, continental drift, ocean heat exchange and atmospheric chemistry. This in relation to the global carbon cycle gives scientist and pro fuel lobbyist something to cheer about. But since man has been driving his cars and burning his refined fuels, man-made greenhouse gases have been presented to the atmosphere as well. Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons all have taken shelter in the atmosphere. The intergovernmental board on climate alter stated there was a "discernible" human pressure on climate; and that the pragmatic warming trend is "unlikely to be completely natural in origin." In the mainly present Third Assessment Report the panel wrote "There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities." These gases o nly make up three percent of the earths atmosphere, But that small percent can have catastrophic events on climate patterns all over the world (Intergovernmental Panel, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So far the

The Role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role - Essay Example Moreover, they discuss the broader sense of this term by writing about social capital and social activities (Adler and Goggin, 2005, pp. 239-240). As for Schlozman et al. (1999), these authors propose to analyze civic engagement through the three-argument framework, which includes its appearance as volunteering activity, as promotion of democracy, and as manifestation of community interests (p. 428). Due to this, it is reasonable to state that civic engagement is a broader concept than a community problem solving one. In this case, Adler and Goggin (2005) define community activities as a narrower appearance of civic engagement term on the axis resulting in political activities (p. 241). Even though this concept is hard to define, all of its manifestations include the reaction on certain social problems. Thus, it is possible to assume that civic engagement as a phenomenon appeared as one of the tools of problem solving within a social community. In this context, Adler and Goggin (2005 ) synthetize all the available definitions of the term in the statement, â€Å"Civic engagement describes how an active citizen participates in the life of a community in order to improve conditions for others or to help shape the community’s future† (p. 242). In short, the attempts to define the concept reveal the importance of community dimension in its essence. With the very appearance of civic engagement in practice, it is common to associate it with active volunteering position of the youth. In this case, it mostly appears in the context of reforms within higher education institutions (Adler and Goggin, 2005, p. 237). As the research conducted by Adler and Goggin (2005) has shown, the age of people involved in civic engagement as community problem solving is younger in average in contrast to its wider dimensions of electoral and political

Benjamin Cardozo Leaders program Essay Example for Free

Benjamin Cardozo Leaders program Essay The final spot in the University of Buffalo’s graduating class of 2011 should be offered to me because I embody the values of hard work, dedication, determination, and self-discipline that are essential in succeeding as a college student and later as a professional in my field. I have always had plans for a successful future in younger years I had thoughts of pursuing the medical field, like my sister, but have since decided that being successful means following my own interests and dreams. I have been fascinated with how things work for as long as I can remember; automotive design holds a special attraction for me. During my junior year of high school I came to the realization that adulthood and the ‘real world’ are fast approaching, and got serious about outlining my plans for the future. Now, as a graduating senior, I am on the verge of proving to everyone else what I have always known I am going to make something BIG out of myself. After careful and diligent examination of my personal interests and values, I have decided that my optimum career choice is to be a self employed mechanical engineer. In this profession I will be able to exploit my passion for how things work, while designing my own creations and being self employed will allow me to reach my full potential, limited only by my dream, drive, and education. Knowing that the quality of my education is essential to achieving my lifetime aspiration will continue to provide me with a hunger for the acquisition of the knowledge and experience of my professors and future student colleagues. I plan to embellish my studies of mechanical engineering with a second concentration in business management, to culminate in an M. B. A. which I believe will help me acquire the knowledge necessary to run a profitable and successful business. It is my true dream to do for the world of mechanical engineering what Bill Gates did for computing and what Sam Walton did for discount retail to become an industrial giant through knowledge, drive, and a passion for doing what I love. The University of Buffalo needs me on campus because of my experience in leadership, through the Benjamin Cardozo Leaders program, my strong work ethic as evidenced by my current employment, and my passion for mechanical engineering. I pledge to use this spot to the best of my ability to simultaneously increase my academic knowledge and to uphold the positive public image that the University of Buffalo portrays. My background in athletics, as well as my high school and employment experience have all increased my people skills, and I plan to hone them even further in collaborating with fellow students and being involved in mentoring programs that import to teenagers how important goals, drive, and education are in the accomplishment of great things. I believe strongly that this college will help me accomplish great things, and it is my intent to accomplish great things while I am there.

The Main Role Of The Capital Market

The Main Role Of The Capital Market Capital market is controlled by financial regulators and their own governance organization. The reason of regulation has been made is to keep investors away from fraud and deception. Financial regulatory bodies are also charged with reducing the losing rate of financial, providing licenses to financial service providers, and implementing applicable laws.   It is also relying on two sub-markets they are the secondary and the primary market. The secondary market deals with the trading of previously-issued securities, and they have to keep a highly liquidity in nature because most of the securities are sold by investors. The primary market job is to handle newly issued securities and they also have to generate new long period capital. A capital market with high liquidity and high transparency is forecast on a secondary market with the equal qualities. Besides, it guides in forming capital. Capital formation is net addition to available stock of capital within the economy. Its also a main source for mobilizing not in actively use money from the economy. It moves the financial resource from people for expanding their spending in the capable earnings field within the economy. In that sense it enables the financial resource to produce a better outcome by investing in a productive way. B) With increasing energy costs and causing global warming, lot businesses are starting to accept the advantage of developing in green technology. The government finance institution had invested rm1.5billion into green industry to support the business development in green construction, green technology, and innovation. Green industry has the potential in growth in future and its also creating a new line careers to replace the technology being use by today. SME bank introduce Mudharabah deposit- taking under the General Investment Account to attract government agency, statutory bodies and government- linked companies to put deposit . This will give an extra platform to industries that wish to put the financial resources through Mudharabah deposit. This will strengthen the Islamic finance. Automotive company like Mercedes-Benz, Bmw, Proton, Toyota and so on are trying to come out with more brand new vehicle model. The purpose is to boost the sales within the automotive industry. The more the consumer selection, the higher the sales it gets. People are still buying luxurious car no matter how many percentage of tax government impose on a car. Besides, when the sales increase, the value of stock within automotive industry increase, and eventually the automotive market will get more funds. Development of SME need fund on their business growth. The source of fund will come from providing loan by finance institution. This will boost banking industry by collecting loans interest through the SME who apply for loans. Program Enterprise 50 (E50) is design to allow and encourage participation from the entire domestic incorporated SMEs, while providing a space for them to benchmark against both internationally and domestically SME. Finance institution boosting in the development of shipping and shipbuilding industries. Exporting and importing with china or foreign country can bring beneficial to the region market as chinas market is getting bigger. Being part in international trade can boost the domestic consumption and to help to sustain the ongoing global recovery. Government initiated merger with companies involve in plantation industry. The purpose is the push them to the worlds largest listed Plantation Company. Malaysia is the global second largest oil palm exporter. With the merger from government financial institution, the plantation industry will have sufficient funds to develop their potential business to increase the production which will generate profits in long-term. International funds were attracted to invest into the local market that helps to strengthen the liquidity of local money market. This has formed opportunity for domestic businesses to raise capital on the  KLSE, and to accomplish infrastructure development in fields in highways, telecommunications, and power generation to get over the slow down caused by rapidly industrialization. Khazanah Nasional  Berhad  is design to assist selected potential industries in Malaysia and generate the investment into profits for local capital market. The fund invest in companies in Malaysia, companies including Pharmaniaga in medical industry, Proton holdings  in automobile industry, UEM Group  in construction industry, Telekom Malaysia in communications industry, CIMB  in banking industry and many other companies of different industries Manufacturing, services and agricultural industries get special attention from the Malaysias financial institution because these filed has been the major producer in the country. These industries have potential to generate profits and will rise rapidly in term of production in future and it will bring benefits to Malaysia capital market. Industrial Master Plan is formed to strengthen the manufacturing industry. The industrial plans target to make Malaysia a major international major trade and boost the countrys human capital and economy. C) Increase of public listed companies, the bond market would enhance the competitive ability of local capital market. Malaysia requires stronger market institutions to compete effectively with other international exchanges. Capital market intermediation has to be innovative and efficient in order to achieve higher competitive ability. After Bursa Malaysia get listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad  , the competitive of the local market had strengthened. And the exchange sector has become more customer-driven and market-oriented. Besides, effects after demutualization are in increasing the liquidity and velocity of the markets and enhancing the efficiency of businesses and yield economies of scale in its operations. Market institutions are responding by establishing and merging alliances. They are increasingly providing consumers flexibility and greater variety, for example through online trading and extended product range. Some international markets now are allowing full foreign ownership to encourage the building of finance professionals and to develop a group of players and events in the markets. Local capital market intermediaries are able to offer internationally competitive services to their customers. They are able to work efficiently to the result of changing customer wants, increasing integration of financial services and the advance technology. Many countries are building their financial services sectors by enacting strategic liberalisation policies to attract more foreign institutions and professionals to boost competition, development, liquidity and human capital in their capital markets. The rapid growth of online trading market are causing the finance service introduce more and newer of innovative ways of creating financial resource in order to keep up with the client base as well as to achieve the potential of market entrants. http://www.sc.com.my/eng/html/cmp/executiv.pdf http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/business/article/malaysian-capital-market-could-hit-rm5.8-trillion-by-2020/ http://www.sc.com.my/eng/html/cmp/CMPNEAC050702.pdf http://www.adbi.org/working-paper/2010/02/25/3588.capital.flows.financial.regulation.asia/factors.necessary.to.improve.capital.markets.in.asia/ http://finance.mapsofworld.com/capital-market/role.html http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2010/09/what-is-capital-market-meaning.html

Kants Moral Principles Essay -- Kant Immanuel Philosophy Morals Essay

Kant's Moral Principles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals, the author, Immanuel Kant, tries to form a base by rejecting all ethical theories that are connected to consequences, and then focusing on our ethical motivations and actions. Kant wants to derive good characters out of contingently right actions. He believes that everything is contingent (everything can have good or bad worth, depending on how it is used). So he is trying to find the supreme principal of morality in all his reasoning. Kant also believes that an action is right or wrong based solely on the reason by which it was performed. However, a Utilitarian, like John Mill, would reject Kant’s reasoning of originating good characters out of actions alone, and instead argue that if an action has bad consequences, then the action was morally wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kant believes that an action has moral worth only if it is done out of respect for our moral code. He names this moral action a ‘duty.’ Kant also believes that in determining the moral worth of an action, we need to look at the maxim by which it was performed. So, we need to look at one’s reason for doing an action to determine if it is a duty. If the reason for performing the action is justified, then the action is a duty. However, Kant says there are two different types of reasons for performing an action. Kant calls these reasons ‘imperatives.’ The first reason for performing an action, the hypothetical imperative, is based on consequences and on our personal preferences. They are also contingent, meaning that they can be good or bad depending on how they are used. People choose to perform a given action because of the hypothetical imperative. The second reason for performing an action according to Kant is called the categorical imperative. These are not based on our preferences, don’t deal with consequences of an action, and are derived a priori. They are completely separate from hypothetical imperatives. We all have knowledge of categorical imperatives before experiencing them first. They are kind of a second nature for us, which needs to be recognized according to Kant. These are the most important reason for performing an action. These imperatives also have the characteristics that Kant needs in order to make his point that all of our moral principals are categ orical, have absolute authority, and are independent o... ...t hope to predict the outcome of any given situation. It is impossible; there is no such thing as seeing the future. So by making a false promise to your friend, you have still done the morally wrong action, even though it will most likely save them some suffering. It did indeed take away their choices, so they can’t act in a way they want to act (going to class). I happen to agree with Kant’s idea here. I think that no matter what the consequences are, performing the right action is always the right thing to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall I think that Kant has better arguments because they are directed at the individual, not at society in whole. I also agree that the moral worth of actions is determined by the motivating principal of the action, not by the consequences, like John Mill. So I am a deontologist, for the most part. However, I also agree with some of the things that Mill has to say. So is there a way that we can combine the ideas of Mill and Kant together in order to form a perfect society in which everybody is happy? I don’t know the answer to this question, but we should all strive to do so, and we should start by respecting each other’s autonomy and treating others as ends.

Capital Punishment - The View of International and National Courts :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Capital Punishment and International and National Courts    Around the world we travel in this paper, which reviews the attitude of courts worldwide regarding the death penalty.    By way of international courts, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC), in a judgement which may have far-reaching consequences on death penalty cases in the English-speaking Caribbean, commuted the death sentences of six convicted prisoners in Jamaica on 12 September. The JCPC which serves as the final appeal court for English-speaking Caribbean countries such as Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and the Bahamas, ruled that it is unlawful to execute prisoners whose appeals are pending before international bodies such as the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights and the UN Human Rights Committee.    The JCPC also ruled that the Jamaican Privy Council (Mercy Committee) when considering whether to exercise the prerogative of mercy, must provide prisoners with an effective and adequate opportunity to participate in the mercy process, including notification of the date on which the Mercy Committee will consider the case and the opportunity to make informed representations to the Committee and to challenge any inaccurate information before it. This judgement overrules previous decisions of the JCPC and other Caribbean courts, including the 1996 decision from the Bahamas, in which the JCPC had held that a condemned prisoner had no rights before the Mercy Committee.    The International Court of Justice (ICJ) held public hearings in the LaGrand case (Germany v the USA) from 13 - 17 November in The Hague. For the first time in its history, the ICJ has been asked to determine what remedies are required under international law when arrested foreign nationals are not informed of their consular rights and are then sentenced to death.    German nationals Karl and Walter LaGrand were sentenced to death in Arizona, USA, for killing a bank manager during a robbery in 1982. Although the local authorities were aware of their nationality, the two brothers were arrested, tried and sentenced to death without being advised of their right to consular notification and assistance, as required under Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Germany maintains that the treaty violation contributed to the death sentences by preventing consular assistance in the gathering of mitigating evidence for presentation at the sentencing stage of the trial. German consular officers only became aware of the case 10 years after the trial when they were contacted by the LaGrands, who had finally learned of their right to consular assistance, not from the Arizona authorities but from other prison inmates.

Today reflecting on the day, this has got to be one of the best in my nearly fifteen years of life

I was very wary about coming face to face with it all. Nobody told me that I had a whole other family. A mixture of feelings surrounded me. Why did nobody tell m? Why was I wrapped up in cotton wool? It all started off the same old thing, get up and get ready. The grey dingy sky of another I could see sunny day coming through (not) why was it England was always cold, dull, and rainy. I thought back to my summer holiday last year. All I can say is that it was total bliss. The sun kissing and warming my skin, a warm feeling spread through my body at that moment. A click back to reality as the morning news filtered through one ear and out of the other. Oh how I loved to hate getting up and ready for school. The walk to school was torturous I could not handle these things. A dreadful storm of rain pouring on my head the bitter cold hitting my skin with great force. What a good start to another school day? First lesson, first enemy if you ask me. Monday morning blues meant that I could not take part in PE The day dragged on lesson by lesson. The seemed to be stuck as it looked like it was never moving. Just trying to torture me I bet. I was estatatic at the time to go home. I got home and thought about what programmes I was going to watch on T.V. I heard my mum and dad talking. I picked up a bit of the conversation. I ran up the stairs and to my surprise my mum and dad was furiously packing. I immediately asked what was going on. My parents gave me instructions to pack for a hot holiday. As you can imagine I was very contented I loved holidays. I found out we were going to the magical island of Capri. Situated just off the Italian coast. I asked how long we were going for and I was told as long as we want. After a fatiguing flight we got there. It was phenomenal, I could not believe I was there. There were pretty lush patches of greenery scattered everywhere. I could see a glimpse of the coast. It was unbelievable. After the initial shock of a surprise trip to an enchanting island a thought played on my mind. What exactly were we doing here? I pursued this to my dad and he told me there was somebody I should meet. I looked round to a massive mansion. A complex should I say. Pretty well looked after gardens. Immaculate white fences to enter through. What was going on I wondered? This whole family stood there and smiled at me like they knew me. Who were all these people I wondered? They introduced themselves they were my dad's side of the family that we were told never to talk about. They were all incredible nice. The biggest shock of all, I found out that I was to inherit a small fortune. I felt like never before so shocked, amazed and happy. The day ended with a massive party in order of this good news. I just could not believe it. I knew that I was going to be happy here for a while, however long I stayed.